Fine particulate matter and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of respiratory origin (2024)

FAQs

Fine particulate matter and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of respiratory origin? ›

In conclusion, increased PM_2.5 concentration is associated with bystander-witnessed respiratory origin OHCAs. PM_2.5-related deterioration of respiratory function and cardiac complications may promote OHCA in individuals with pre-existing cardiopulmonary conditions.

During respiratory (or pulmonary) arrest, breathing stops. During cardiac arrest, blood flow stops. Technically, cardiac arrest means that the heart has stopped beating, but it's really assessed by the fact that blood flow is no longer detectable, even if the heart might still be trying to beat.

Studies also suggest that long-term exposure to fine particles causes increased mortality from heart disease and may be associated with increased rates of chronic bronchitis, reduced lung function, and lung cancer.

The new data reveals that fewer than one in 12 patients (7.8%) survive to 30 days after experiencing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ambulance services performed resuscitation in 34,407 cases, with only a quarter of patients having their hearts restarted upon reaching the hospital.

The estimated survival rates were 82.8% (95% CI, 81.9%-83.7%) at 3 years, 77.0% (95% CI, 75.9%-78.0%) at 5 years, 63.9% (95% CI, 62.3%-65.4%) at 10 years, and 57.5% (95% CI, 54.8%-60.1%) at 15 years.

Many people survive it, depending on what's causing it, the severity and how quickly they're treated. While many causes of acute respiratory failure are treatable, it can be fatal if not treated quickly. Up to 1 in 3 people who are hospitalized for acute respiratory failure don't survive.

Regardless of the cause, respiratory arrest is a life-threatening situation that requires immediate management. When a patient goes into respiratory arrest, they are not getting oxygen to their vital organs and may suffer brain damage or cardiac arrest within minutes if not promptly treated.

What are the symptoms of particle exposure? Even if you are healthy you may experience temporary symptoms such as irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, coughing, phlegm, chest tightness, and shortness of breath when particulate conditions are poor.

Phagocytosis is the primary clearance mechanism for removing any foreign material (particles, microorganisms) from the alveolar region. Phagocytes (i.e., macrophages, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are present throughout the respiratory tract.

Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Once inhaled, fine particulate matter may initiate a cascade of events leading to impaired vascular function (alteration of blood vessels), which could result in the formation of blood clots, increases in blood pressure, or a reduction in the heart's ability to pump blood, all ...

How long is brain damage after cardiac arrest? ›

Contrary to previous notions that brain cells die within 5 to 10 minutes, evidence now suggests that if left alone, the cells of the brain die slowly over a period of many hours, even days after the heart stops and a person dies.

A cardiac arrest remains one of today's most common causes of death. If a cardiac arrest occurs outside of a hospital, the chances of survival are around 10 percent. If the cardiac arrest occurs in a hospital, around one in five people will survive.

Over 70 percent of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests happen in homes. Only about 40% of people who experience an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receive the immediate help that they need before professional help arrives.

Most people recover well, but recovery times vary. Research that investigated health and quality of life in cardiac arrest survivors shows that the majority of survivors rate their health and quality of life as good six months after the event.

Mood swings or emotional liability – rapidly changing moods, e.g. going from happy and joking on minute to tearful the next. Emotional states may also be extreme or inappropriate. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – severe psychological reaction to a traumatic event.

Patients are sedated and may be treated with targeted temperature management (TTM) during 12–24 h. In patients who remain comatose and survive, awakening usually occurs within 5 days after CA.

Type 1 respiratory failure occurs when the respiratory system cannot adequately provide oxygen to the body, leading to hypoxemia. Type 2 respiratory failure occurs when the respiratory system cannot sufficiently remove carbon dioxide from the body, leading to hypercapnia.

Symptoms include shortness of breath or feeling like you can't get enough air, extreme tiredness, an inability to exercise as you did before, and sleepiness.

When a person has a cardiac or respiratory arrest, CPR can be used in an attempt to restart their heart and breathing and restore their circulation. CPR is invasive, involving chest compressions, delivery of electric shocks from a defibrillator, injection of drugs, and ventilation of the lungs.

This life-threatening condition can become fatal if you don't get immediate treatment. During cardiac arrest (cardiopulmonary arrest), your heart isn't pumping blood anymore. Within minutes, this puts your organs and whole body at risk of death because they must constantly receive oxygen.