Food Science: Why Bagels are Boiled (2024)

Emma Christensen

Emma Christensen

Emma is a former editor for The Kitchn and a graduate of the Cambridge School for Culinary Arts. She is the author of True Brews and Brew Better Beer. Check out her website for more cooking stories

updated May 2, 2019

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Food Science: Why Bagels are Boiled (1)

We grew up on bagels, and taking a bite of that warm, ultra-chewy bread is still one of our favorite food experiences. Ask any good bagel baker and they’ll tell you that the key to that chewy crust and slightly dense interior is boiling the bagels before baking. The question is, why?

It feels very counter-intuitive to most of us to throw bread in boiling water. The point of most bread baking, after all, is to let water evaporate and dry out the interior to a certain extent.

Boiling breads like bagels and pretzels effectively sets the crust before it goes in the oven. The water doesn’t actually penetrate very far into the bread because the starch on the exterior quickly gels and forms a barrier. Bagels are typically boiled for 30-60 seconds on each side. The longer the boil, the thicker and chewier crust.

In the oven, the fact that the crust is already set means that the bagels don’t rise nearly as much. This is partly what gives bagels their signature dense, chewy interiors. (The other part is using high-protein flour.)

Again, how long the bagel was boiled will affect the interior texture. A brief boil gives bagels a thin and fairly elastic crust that will still allow the bagels rise quite a bit in the oven, resulting in a softer texture. A longer boil and a thicker crust prevents the bagel from rising very much at all, giving you a very dense interior.

Sometimes lye or barley malt extract are added to the boiling water. Both of these additions help the crust brown in the oven and also give the crust a distinct flavor. These days, baking soda is often substituted for lye.

How do you like your bagels: chewy and dense, or soft and tender?

Related: Cinnamon-Raising Bagel Ice Cream

(Image: Flickr member roland licensed under Creative Commons)

Food Science: Why Bagels are Boiled (2024)

FAQs

Food Science: Why Bagels are Boiled? ›

In order for the bagels to develop that well-browned exterior and slightly dense chewy texture, they must be boiled briefly before baking. This works because the boiling water sets the exterior crust before it hits the oven, preventing the bagels from rising very much, while further developing that browned exterior.

What happens if you don't boil bagels before baking? ›

In order for the bagels to develop that well-browned exterior and slightly dense chewy texture, they must be boiled briefly before baking. This works because the boiling water sets the exterior crust before it hits the oven, preventing the bagels from rising very much, while further developing that browned exterior.

Why do they poach bagels? ›

Traditionally, Coppedge tells The Salt, the chilled dough rings are poached or boiled in a solution of water and malt barley for anywhere from 30 seconds to 3 minutes. This pre-gelatinizes the starch in the dough, locking the liquid inside of it and expanding the interior.

Is it a bagel if it's not boiled? ›

If you are not boiling your dough, then you should not be calling your product a bagel. The boiling process is important because this is what helps form the signature thin, delicious crust. It also affects the chewy texture inside that we all love so much.

What is the history of the bagel boiled? ›

Another bagel origin story tells the tale of Jewish bakers in ninth-century Prussia or Poland who, hampered by an antisemitic law that forbade them from baking their bread, began boiling it instead.

Why are bagels boiled in malt? ›

A New York style bagel is always boiled in water with barley malt and it gives the bagels their characteristic shiny crust and chew.

What is a unboiled bagel called? ›

Overview. A chewy yeast roll bearing similarity to the bagel, the bialy has a diameter of up to 15 centimetres (6 in). Unlike a bagel, which is boiled before baking, a bialy is simply baked, and instead of a hole in the middle it has a depression. It is also usually covered with onion flakes.

Why are my bagels flat after boiling? ›

Over proofed dough will lose its strength too early and cause the bagels to deflate either during the second rise or while cooking.

Why do you put honey in boiling water for bagels? ›

BOILING. Add honey and baking soda to boiling water in a large pot. This will help give the bagels a nice sheen and golden brown color when out of the oven. Add a few bagels at a time to the pot, making sure they're not crowded.

What is the difference between a New York style bagel and a regular bagel? ›

A New York–style bagel is always boiled in water that has had barley malt added, which gives a bagel its signature taste, texture, and leathery skin.

Why are bagels boiled in sugar water? ›

Boiling bagels gives the finished bagel their signature shine. By adding sugar and baking soda into the water it helps develop more flavour and deeper colour. The boiling cooks the outer layer of the bagel and helps it maintain its shape during the baking process.

Why do bagels have a hole in the middle? ›

Ever wondered why bagels have holes in the middle? The basic shape is hundreds of years old and serves lots of practical advantages besides an even cooking and baking of the dough. The hole also allowed them to be threaded or piled high on a dowel which made them easier to transport and display.

What's the point of boiling bagels? ›

It sets the outer layer of the dough, giving the bagel its distinctive chewiness. The boiling process gelatinizes the starches on the surface, creating a glossy, crackly crust during baking. Additionally, boiling gives the bagel its characteristic dense interior while maintaining a tender crumb.

Are bagels just boiled donuts? ›

The Bagel is the bread product traditionally made of yeasted wheat dough in the form of roughly hand sized ring which is boiled in water and then baked. On the other hand, donut is a sweet deep fried piece of dough or batter.

Do you salt the water when boiling bagels? ›

Bagels get a bath. Traditionally, they are boiled in a pot of bubbling water before they are baked, which helps set the crust and keep it hard (but not too hard) and chewy. Make sure your water is generously salted.

Why do my bagels go flat when I boil them? ›

Over proofed dough will lose its strength too early and cause the bagels to deflate either during the second rise or while cooking.

Why do you boil bagels in brown sugar? ›

You will also need some brown sugar to add to the water for boiling the bagels. This helps give these bagels their characteristic crust and flavor. Honey or barley malt syrup may be substituted in equal amounts.

Why do you cook bagels? ›

Boiling the bagels gives the bagel its beautiful shine. But looks aren't everything—this shine is actually a result of the dough's starches gelatinizing which creates a crisp, shiny coating. I learned this from Cooks Illustrated.

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