Why Is Pig Meat Called ‘Pork,’ and Cow Meat Called ‘Beef’? (2024)

When you stop and think about it, it’s actually quite strange that pig meat is called “pork,” cow meat is called “beef,” sheep meat is called “mutton,” and deer meat is called “venison.” What’s even stranger is that chicken meat is still called “chicken,” and fish is “fish.” So what gives?

The answer actually involves a rather complicated lesson in etymology, but we’ll try to put it as simply as possible.

According to eGullet, it all goes back to the Norman conquest of Britain in 1066. When the French took over England, there became two ways of saying a whole lot of words, and from a gastronomic standpoint the French won out (as they usually do). This is likely because the lower-class Anglo-Saxons were the hunters (so we get the animal names from them), and the upper-class French only saw these animals on the dinner table (so we get the culinary terms from them).

So the Anglo-Saxon pig became the French porc, which was Anglicized to pork; the Anglo-Saxon cow became the French boeuf, which became beef; and sheep became mouton, (later mutton). Even chicken got a new culinary name: pullet, which is the Anglicized version of the French poulet, and is now only used to refer to a young hen. All of those French terms are still the French words for those animals (as well as their meat) today. As for fish, we most likely still call it fish because the French term for it, poisson, is too close to the English word poison.

The reason behind calling deer meat “venison” is slightly more complicated, but still has to do with the Norman Invasion (deer in French is cerf, which doesn’t sound much like “venison”). According to Yahoo, the word venison derives from the Latin word venor, meaning “to hunt or pursue.” Following the invasion and the establishment of the Royal Forests, any hunted animal was called “venison” after it was killed; because more deer were hunted than any other animal, the name stuck.

The Norman invasion’s effect on the English language really can’t be understated. Other words that now have two ways of saying them thanks to French influence include the Anglo-Saxon want to the Norman desire, ask to inquire, and hide to obscure. You’re also probably pronouncing these 30 food words incorrectly.

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Why Is Pig Meat Called ‘Pork,’ and Cow Meat Called ‘Beef’? (2024)

FAQs

Why Is Pig Meat Called ‘Pork,’ and Cow Meat Called ‘Beef’? ›

So the Anglo-Saxon pig became the French porc, which was Anglicized to pork; the Anglo-Saxon cow became the French boeuf, which became beef; and sheep became mouton, (later mutton).

Why do they call it beef? ›

Etymology. The word beef is from the Latin word bōs, in contrast to cow which is from Middle English cou (both words have the same Indo-European root *gʷou-). After the Norman Conquest, the French-speaking nobles who ruled England naturally used French words to refer to the meats they were served.

Why is chicken called chicken but cow is called beef? ›

The upperclass French, now in control, saw these animals only at mealtimes so they used their French words to describe the dishes and eventually the English used a version of the French for those meats: pork, beef, mutton and veal. Chicken and turkey, quail and pheasant went unchanged. These are poultry to this day.

Why do they call it venison instead of deer meat? ›

The term venison comes from the Latin verb venari, meaning “to hunt.” It can refer to meat coming from boar, hares, and certain species of goats and antelopes, but is most commonly applied to deer meat.

Is pork A pig or a beef? ›

Pork is pig meat. It is a versatile and flavorful meat that can be grilled, roasted, fried, or braised. It is processed to make sausages, ham, bacon, and pulled pork.

Why do we call it pork and beef? ›

So the Anglo-Saxon pig became the French porc, which was Anglicized to pork; the Anglo-Saxon cow became the French boeuf, which became beef; and sheep became mouton, (later mutton).

What is donkey meat called? ›

The meat is simply called donkey meat, however in some vernaculars of English it is known as burro, although typically this isn't even the standard name. Like most animals, the meat goes by the same name.

What is baby pig meat called? ›

Porcelet refers to a young milk-fed pig. Known as cochon de lait in French, the suckling pig is a highly-regarded delicacy that is hard to find in the United States. D'Artagnan porcelet is raised by a family-owned farm in Quebec, with a special milk diet that ensures exceptionally succulent pork.

What do you call a person who eats chicken but not beef? ›

A pollotarian is someone who eats poultry but not red meat or pork products.

Is hamburger cow or pig? ›

A high-quality hamburger patty is made entirely of ground (minced) beef and seasonings; these may be described as "all-beef hamburger" or "all-beef patties" to distinguish them from inexpensive hamburgers made with cost-savers like added flour, textured vegetable protein, ammonia treated defatted beef trimmings (which ...

Why is deer meat banned in India? ›

Killing deer is a crime under Wildlife Protection Act. The foresters said they would sensitise villagers to the law.

What is bison meat called? ›

Beef refers specifically to domesticated cattle raised for meat production. Buffalo is a different meat product and is marketed as “bison” (the correct name for the American animal), or “buffalo”. Understand that the proper term is “bison”, not “buffalo”.

Why is deer meat not sold in stores? ›

The restrictions and definitions vary from state to state. However, in most states native species (like whitetail deer) are deemed to be "game animals" while non-native species have different classifications, usually deemed "livestock." If it is restricted then it will not be inspected and cannot be sold.

Why can't Muslims eat pork? ›

The pig is considered an unclean animal as food in Judaism and Islam, and parts of Christianity. Although Christianity is also an Abrahamic religion, most of its adherents do not follow these aspects of Mosaic law and do consume its meat.

What is horse meat called? ›

Proponents of horse meat often refer to it as chevaline. Compared to beef, horse meat contains similar levels of protein and much lower fat levels.

Why is bacon called bacon? ›

The word is derived from the Proto-Germanic *bakkon, meaning "back meat". Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon".

Why is the show beef called beef? ›

Netflix's new road-rage dramedy, "Beef" – named after the slang for having a problem with another person; not the meat – is about the lengths people will go to when angry. In the age of distressing political arguments, viral Karen videos and mental health crises, it feels all too familiar.

Why is it called steak and not beef? ›

The Origin of Steak

There is historical documentation from the mid-15th century that shows the words “steik,” “stickna,” and “steikja” to refer to a thick slice of meat. This thick slice of meat was cut from the hindquarter muscles of an animal and was grilled, fried, or roasted as preferred.

Where did the term where the beef come from? ›

The phrase first came to the public audience in a U.S. television commercial for the Wendy's chain of hamburger restaurants in 1984.

How did beef come to mean fight? ›

However it's commonly used by Londoner's meaning to have a grudge, problem, or argument 'I have a beef with them'. It's Origin is from American soldiers, complaining about the quantity or quality of beef rations they were given during the war, these discussions would obviously cause arguments and problems.

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